Dental erosion & oral health

Posted by Dr. Taner Cakmak on Fri, 2 Aug 2024

Kanata South Dental - Dentist Kanata

Understanding Dental Erosion and Its Impact on Oral Health

What is Dental Erosion?

Dental erosion is the loss of tooth enamel caused by acid attack. Enamel is the hard, protective coating of the tooth, which protects the sensitive dentine underneath. When enamel is worn away, it can lead to pain and sensitivity, and the teeth can appear yellow or more translucent.

Causes of Dental Erosion:

1. Diet: Foods and drinks high in acid, such as citrus fruits, sodas, and certain types of wine, can erode enamel.
2. Medical Conditions: Conditions like acid reflux or bulimia can cause stomach acids to reach the mouth and erode teeth.
3. Dry Mouth: Saliva helps neutralize acids, so a lack of saliva can increase the risk of erosion.
4. Environmental Factors: Chlorinated pool water and certain medications can also contribute to enamel erosion.

Signs of Dental Erosion:

• Sensitivity when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
• Discoloration of the teeth, with a yellowish tint.
• Rounded teeth or a shiny appearance on the surfaces of the teeth.
• Cracks, chips, or cupping on the biting surfaces of the teeth.

Prevention of Dental Erosion:

1. Dietary Changes: Reduce the intake of acidic foods and drinks. Rinse your mouth with water after consuming acidic substances.
2. Good Oral Hygiene: Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily. Consider using a fluoride mouthwash.
3. Regular Dental Visits: Regular check-ups can help catch erosion early and provide professional advice and treatments.
4. Chewing Gum: Chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate saliva production, helping to neutralize acids.
5. Use a Straw: When drinking acidic beverages, use a straw to minimize contact with your teeth.

Impact on Oral Health:

• Increased Sensitivity: Exposed dentine can lead to increased sensitivity to temperature and sweets.
• Aesthetic Changes: Erosion can cause teeth to appear yellow and more translucent.
• Structural Damage: Severe erosion can lead to cracks, chips, and other structural damages to the teeth.
• Cavities: Weakened enamel is more susceptible to cavities.

Treatment Options:

• Fluoride Treatments: Professional fluoride treatments can help strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
• Bonding: Tooth-colored materials can be bonded to the teeth to protect and improve appearance.
• Crowns and Veneers: In severe cases, crowns or veneers may be necessary to restore damaged teeth.
• Dietary and Lifestyle Changes: Implementing and maintaining preventive measures can halt or slow the progression of dental erosion.

What Vitamin Deficiency Causes Enamel Erosion?

Vitamin deficiencies can impact oral health in various ways, but Vitamin D deficiency is most closely associated with enamel erosion and overall dental health. Here's how:

Vitamin D Deficiency and Enamel Erosion

Role of Vitamin D:

• Calcium Absorption: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are critical for the development and maintenance of strong tooth enamel.
• Bone Health: Vitamin D helps maintain the health of the jawbone, which supports teeth and helps keep them anchored.

Effects of Deficiency:

• Weak Enamel: Without sufficient Vitamin D, the body struggles to absorb calcium effectively, leading to weaker enamel that is more prone to erosion.
• Increased Risk of Cavities: Weaker enamel is more susceptible to decay and cavities, which can further contribute to enamel erosion.
• Poor Oral Health: Deficiency can also lead to other oral health issues, such as gum disease, which can indirectly affect enamel health.
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Other Vitamin Deficiencies Impacting Oral Health

1. Vitamin C:
   • Gum Health: Deficiency can lead to gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), which can indirectly affect tooth structure and health.
   • Collagen Production: Essential for the production of collagen, a key component of gum tissue.
2. Vitamin A:
   • Saliva Production: Helps maintain healthy salivary glands, which are important for neutralizing acids and protecting enamel.
   • Mucous Membranes: Supports the health of mucous membranes in the mouth.
3. B Vitamins (especially B2, B3, B12):
   • Oral Tissues: Deficiencies can lead to mouth sores, inflammation, and other oral issues that can affect overall oral health.

Prevention and Management

1. Diet: Ensure a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Foods high in Vitamin D include fatty fish, fortified dairy products, and eggs.
2. Sun Exposure: Moderate sun exposure helps the body produce Vitamin D naturally.
3. Supplements: Consider Vitamin D supplements if dietary intake and sun exposure are insufficient, but consult with a healthcare provider first.
4. Oral Hygiene: Maintain good oral hygiene practices to protect enamel and overall oral health.
5. Regular Dental Visits: Regular check-ups can help monitor the health of your enamel and catch early signs of deficiencies.

By addressing vitamin deficiencies, particularly Vitamin D, you can help prevent enamel erosion and maintain better overall oral health.

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Dentist Kanata